Textbook THIEVES

Title:The Study of Sediments.
Heading:Sediments Study Tools and Techniques.
Introduction:What techniques do scientists use to study ocean Sediments?
Scientists also study sediments using seismic refraction.This is a technique that involves using an air gun and a hydrophone.
Every 1st sentence:As you would expect, modern oceanographers use tools far more sophisticated than those used a hundred years ago to study the ocean bottom.

Visuals and Vocabulary:

This is a Clamshell Sampler and its an ocean sediment sampler with a set of jaws, designed to scoop up bottom sediment for research purposes; also called a grab sampler.

This is a Grab Sampler and its an ocean sediment sampler with a set of jaws, designed to scoop up bottom sediment for research purposes; also called a Clamshell Sampler.

This is a Hydrophone and its an underwater microphone.

This is a Piston Corer and its a research device used to study the bottom sediment; an open tube on a cable that is dropped from a ship, retrieves layers of bottom sediment.

This is a Seismic Refraction and its a technique used to study marine sediments; equipment includes an airgun aboard avessel to produce the reflected sound and a towed hydrophone to detect the reflected sound waves.
End of reading:N/A
Summary:N/A

Title:The Study of Sediments.
Heading:Stratigraphy and Paleoceanography.
Introduction:How do scientists use ocean sediments to study the past?
Scientists use deep-sea stratigraphy to look for clues, such as rock composition, microfossils, deposition patterns, and other physical properties.
Every 1st sentence:AS you will learn in more detail shortly, sedimentation is an on going process.

Visuals and Vocabulary:
This is a Stratigraphy and its the study of Sediment layers.

This is Paleoceanography and its the study of prehistoric ocean.
End of reading:


Summary:

Submersible Research

This is what the Alvin submersible looks like in this picture on the left. Alvin can plunge to a maximum depth of 14,764ft that is a little over 2 miles depth.
Alvin made 12 dives to the RMS of the Titanic. Alvin is built to withstand the crushing pressure of the deep ocean. Alvin is built with lights, arms, and it is built  for deep ocean research.







This is what the Clelia submersible looks like in this picture on the left. The maximum depth of the Clelia can operating a depth of 1,000 feet. It is used for picking up things with the arms it has on it. Clelia can lift up to 150 lbs. Also has two 500 watt metal halide lights, idea for taking pictures.








This is what the Hercules ROV looks like in this picture on the left. The depth of the Hercules is 4,000 meters (2.5 miles). It is used for study and recover artifacts to ancient shipwrecks. Hercules carries an array of cameras and acoustic sensors that are used to gather video and other data during each dive. A High-Definition (HD) video camera allows scientists to closely examine the dive site and monitor operations using very high resolution video.






This is what the Jason ROV looks like in this picture on the left. The maximum depth that the Jason ROV can make is 6,500 meters (21,385 feet). The Jason ROV is designed for detailed survey and sampling tasks that require a high degree of maneuverability. It has special things to allow it to carry water samples.







The way that real submersibles work is that they have people operating them.